| Jurisdiction | Regulator | Main licences | Minimum capital (examples) | Local substance | Typical timeline | Corporate banking |
|---|
Lithuania | Bank of Lithuania | Payments / EMICrypto EMI, PI, MiCA CASP | EMI €350k / PI €20k–125k / CASP €50k–150k | Head office, local manager, AML staff | EMI/PI: decision within 3 months | Licensed EMIs/PIs can join the central bank's CENTROlink for direct SEPA access (selective) |
Malta | MFSA | FX / brokeragePayments / EMICrypto Investment services (MiFID), EMI/PI, MiCA CASP | Investment firm from €75k / EMI €350k / CASP €50k–150k | Compliance officer and senior MLRO | Investment firm: 6 months / CASP: 25 + 40 working days | Local banks are cautious and often expect local directors or substance |
Cyprus | CySEC / CBC | FX / brokeragePayments / EMICrypto Investment firm (CIF: FX/CFDs), MiCA CASP, EMI/PI | CIF €75k–€750k (own account) / EMI €350k | Head office; at least two managers (four eyes) | CIF: 6 months / EMI: pre-application stage from Aug 2026 | Local banks; foreign-owned companies often use EMI accounts |
Estonia | Finantsinspektsioon | Payments / EMICrypto MiCA CASP, EMI/PI | CASP €50k–150k / EMI €350k | At least one EU-resident director; filing in Estonian | CASP: regulator says 6 months to a year | Local banks expect in-person ID and a real Estonian link |
Dubai (VARA) | VARA | Crypto VASP licence (exchange, broker-dealer, custody, advisory, etc.) | Exchange AED 1.5m (AED 800k if custody outsourced) / broker-dealer, custody AED 600k / advisory AED 100k | Two responsible individuals and the compliance officer resident in the UAE | Approval to incorporate, then full licence | Capital must be evidenced during the process, so a UAE bank account comes first |
DIFC (DFSA) | DFSA | FX / brokeragePayments / EMICrypto Categories 1–4 (bank, principal, agency, asset management, money services, advisory) | Advisory/arranging US$30k–140k / agency dealing, money services US$200k / principal US$2m | SEO, compliance officer and MLRO normally UAE-resident | Enquire, apply, evaluate, fulfil, approve | UAE banks; at least one UAE-resident signatory is commonly required |
Abu Dhabi (ADGM) | FSRA | FX / brokeragePayments / EMICrypto Financial Services Permission: crypto MTF, custody, securities, payments | Crypto MTF: 6 months' expenses plus up to 6 more / custody: at least US$250k | UAE-resident SEO, CO, MLRO; mind and management in ADGM | Pre-application, in-principle approval, then permission | Capital injection is an IPA condition, so a UAE account comes first |
UAE onshore (Central Bank) | CBUAE | Payments / EMI Retail payment services (Cat. I–IV), stored value, payment tokens, exchange houses | Payments AED 100k–3m / stored value AED 15m plus bank guarantee | Onshore UAE company (outside financial free zones) | In-principle approval, capital and guarantee, final licence | Corporate accounts generally need a UAE-resident signatory |
Hong Kong | SFC / HKMA / C&ED | FX / brokeragePayments / EMICrypto SFC Types 1, 3, 4, 9; VATP; MSO | Type 4/9 (no client assets) liquid HK$100k / Type 1 paid-up HK$5m / Type 3 paid-up HK$30m / VATP paid-up HK$5m | At least 2 responsible officers, one an executive director | SFC pledge: 15 weeks for a complete application | The HKMA tells banks not to refuse accounts merely because a company is offshore or its directors are non-resident |
Singapore | MAS | FX / brokeragePayments / EMICrypto Payments (SPI, MPI), CMS (securities, leveraged FX, fund management) | SPI S$100k / MPI S$250k plus deposit / fund management from S$250k / leveraged FX S$1m–5m | Resident director; CMS requires a Singapore-resident CEO | Payments: MAS states a wait of over a year / CMS: up to 6 months | DBS opens accounts for payment businesses only once MAS-licensed |
Seychelles | FSA Seychelles | FX / brokerageCrypto Securities dealer (FX/CFDs), VASP | Securities dealer US$100k paid-up (doubled in 2024) / VASP exchange US$100k | 2+ directors incl. one full-time resident; local office | FSA standard: 30 working days from a complete application | Capital must be held with a Seychelles bank or a bank in an FSA-recognised jurisdiction |
Mauritius | FSC Mauritius | FX / brokeragePayments / EMICrypto Investment dealer, payment intermediary, VASP (with a Global Business Licence) | Dealer MUR 1m (no underwriting) / broker MUR 700k / VASP broker-dealer MUR 2m | Two resident directors, management company, main bank account in Mauritius | No official processing time | Keeping the main account in Mauritius is part of the managed-and-controlled test |
Labuan (Malaysia) | Labuan FSA | FX / brokerageCrypto Money broking (conventional / digital assets), securities licence | Money broking RM1m (RM1.5m with digital assets) | 2 full-time staff and RM100k annual spending in Labuan (tax condition) | Official: 30 working days (15 fast track) from complete documents | Labuan or Malaysian banks, or banks abroad |
Vanuatu | VFSC | FX / brokerageCrypto Financial dealer (FX/CFDs), VASP | Dealer: VT 5m statutory deposit / VASP: from VT 200m paid-up | Dedicated office and at least one resident employee | No official processing time | Licensees often rely on foreign banks, EMIs or PSPs |
British Virgin Islands | BVI FSC | FX / brokerageCrypto Investment business (SIBA), VASP registration | Set in the Regulatory Code (varies by activity) | 2+ directors and an approved local representative | No official processing time | Grey-listing triggers enhanced due diligence at banks and EMIs |
Cayman Islands | CIMA | FX / brokerageCrypto Securities investment business (SIBA), VASP registration/licence | No fixed minimum (assessed case by case) | 2+ directors; senior officer changes need prior approval | Only complete applications reviewed; decision notified about 7 days after | Often banked with international banks in the US, Europe or Asia |
St Vincent and the Grenadines | FSA SVG | Crypto No FX/brokerage licence / crypto registration | Crypto registration: EC$300k | Resident principal representative | Crypto: about 90 days with complete documents | — |
Canada | FINTRAC | Payments / EMICrypto MSB registration (remittance, FX, crypto); payment service provider registration (RPAA) | MSB: no capital requirement, no registration fee | Foreign MSBs appoint a Canada-resident agent for service | MSB: usually 3 months; renew every 2 years | Government papers acknowledge MSBs struggle to keep bank accounts |
United States | FinCEN / 州 | Payments / EMICrypto FinCEN MSB registration plus state money transmitter licences; NY BitLicense | By state (model law: net worth of US$100k or 3% of assets; surety bond US$100k–500k) | AML programme and designated compliance officer | FinCEN: register within 180 days, renew every 2 years / states: 120 days under the model law | Treasury identifies small MSBs as most affected by bank de-risking |